
This was a project I made for Carrie for Halloween last year. I had the parts lying around, but here is what you need to make your own:
(1) Electrical tape in a clear plastic container with lid
(10) White LEDs like DigiKey 67-1691-ND http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=67-1691-ND
(1) 4.7 Ohm resistor like DigiKey 4.7QBK-ND http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=4.7QBK-ND
(1) 2x AA battery holder with wire leads
(2) AA batteries
~1 foot each black and red 24 AWG wire
Cardboard
Diffusing material, like 1/16" white closed-cell foam
soldering iron
solder
compass
ruler
xacto knife

After looking around the house for a suitable base, I noticed that the container from some 3M electrical tape was a reasonable size, transparent, and free.

It is about the perfect size to hold two AA batteries with a ring of LEDs around it, has an easily removable cover, and isn't too thick to hide under a shirt.

With the case found, the next step was to darken the parts that shouldn't be illuminated. To do this I used some cardboard that was black on one side. Using a compass, I drew a circle and cut it out. I wanted to use 10 LEDs so I drew five sets of evenly spaced lines through the center (making 10 sets of lines total) and drew two more circles with the compass to mark the inside and outside of the visible openings.

I cut out the openings with an exacto knife. This took some time and looked like I might have done it with a chainsaw...the corrugated cardboard may not have been the best choice for crisp edges.

A layer of tape was applied around the side of the container to block any light trying to escape out the sides.

The cardboard was dropped into the bottom of the case, with the black side out.

Another layer of tape was added around the cardboard to block any light coming through the edge.

A circle of thin (~1/16") semi-translucent foam was added next to serve as a diffuser to spread out the LED light.

This picture shows a few steps. I cut out another cardboard circle and cut a rectangle in it to hold a 2x AA battery holder. I again drew five lines through the center and a circle about 1/4" in from the edge to mark where the 10 LEDs go. The LEDs were simply pushed through the cardboard with their short leads toward the outside.

LEDs only work in one direction. Luckily there are two simple ways to note the polarity of the LEDs when soldering them together: the flat side of the plastic molding as well as the shorter of the two leads mark the negative side. This will be connected to the (-) side of the battery and the other side will be connected through a resistor to the the (+) side of the battery.
The resistor is needed to set the current through the LEDs. In a simplified explanation, an LED requires a fixed voltage to operate at its rated power level. If you supply a little extra voltage, it will draw an exponentially larger current. Too much current will burn out the LED, so it is usually smart to control the current in some manner to keep things safe. Here we are using two 1.5V batteries for a total of around 3V. This is lower than the rated voltage of the LEDs, but it is still a good idea to add a small resistance to help keep the current stable to account for the LEDs' manufacturing tolerance and battery voltage fluctuations. Additionally, the LEDs are very bright when run at their rated current level and the resistor can be sized to dim them appropriately. In this case, a 4.7 Ohm resistor in series with the LEDs looked about right.

The LEDs are wired together in parallel - black wire segments connect all the short leads together around the outside and red wire segments connect all the long leads together around the inside. Keep the wires close to the cardboard to help hold the LEDs down. Clip the bare LED leads down to the solder joint to avoid any stray shorts. The 4.7 Ohm resistor is attached to the red ring at one point, it doesn't matter where you put it. A battery clip is then soldered to the resistor and the black ring. Here you can see some heat shrink tubing over the resistor to protect against shorts; some electrical tape would work as well.

Place the LED ring into the case, lining up the LEDs with the openings in the lower cardboard ring.

The battery holder fits into a slot in the cardboard.

Thanks, Andy! Tony Stark would be proud.










